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Lasers, while not a new technology, have become a revolutionary alternative to commodity and product marking and labeling. Laser-marked labels are highly detailed, legible, and can withstand heavy wear without erasing. In addition, the laser marking process generates minimal waste and is very compatible with modern automated CNC processes.

Laser Engraver

Those who want to engage in laser marking first need to be familiar with these terms. The industry uses two main techniques - laser etching and laser engraving. Although very similar, we will discuss the key differences between them here.

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Laser etching produces high-contrast marks on materials by firing a high-energy laser beam. This causes the molten material to expand before it resolidifies, creating a noticeable bulge.

One feature of laser etching is that it can create features no deeper than 0.001 inches. This does not mean that the marks made by etching are less prominent. The melting process changes the composition of the material and allows it to contrast with the original material. This contrast is reflected not only in the tone of the material, but also in its reflectivity and texture.

Compared to engraving, laser etching can create marks without removing a lot of material. This makes laser etching more suitable when dealing with very thin metal layers or fragile objects. Jewelry, especially jewelry made of precious metals or glass, is often processed using laser etching. Laser etching can also be performed on ceramics, polymers, or metal-plated materials.

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Laser etching excels at creating marks that are as visible and prominent as possible. With different techniques, laser etching can produce black and white markings on a variety of surfaces. Laser etching is very effective in this regard and is often used in conjunction with laser engraving if a manufacturer wishes to add more contrast to an engraved design.

Laser etching can generally be done on any material with just one pass through the laser beam. Since laser etching affects only a very small amount of material, it is a very fast process. This is a huge benefit for mass manufacturing or any process that requires a quick turnaround. Compared to laser engraving, laser etching is about twice as fast.

Laser etching does not require the use of high-intensity lasers, nor does it take a long time to process a single workpiece. This makes laser etching a low-power alternative to laser engraving. If you're processing thousands of laser-marked products per day, this difference in energy usage can have a huge impact on electricity-related expenses.

The biggest disadvantage of using laser etching is that its markings are really only superficially deep. These are visible as long as they are kept clean. However, markings made from laser etching are easily obscured by a thick layer of dirt and dust.

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Additionally, severe or constant wear can cause laser-etched markings to be completely erased. This makes laser etching less than ideal for objects that will be used outdoors or designed to withstand repeated wear or applied friction. In terms of durability and longevity, laser etching is significantly inferior to laser engraving.

What sets laser engraving apart is that it uses a high-powered laser beam to engrave designs into the material. In this case, the design is cut deep—usually in the range of 0.02 to 0.125 inches. Deep cut designs made by laser engraving can withstand high wear. Therefore, laser engraving is the technology of choice for controlling important marks such as numbering and serial numbers.

Laser engraving creates deep marks by applying enough energy to instantly vaporize the material. This is a fairly power-intensive process that may require multiple passes of the laser along the same point to achieve the desired engraving depth.

Marks produced by laser engraving cannot be easily erased by mechanical or chemical methods. This permanent state is one of the main reasons why manufacturers choose to engrave markings rather than printing them with ink. Laser-engraved markings will remain legible even in outdoor or heavy-duty conditions for years of use.

More commonly, laser-engraved marks are post-processed to make them more visually appealing or to enhance contrast. It is common for a laser-engraved mark to change its color with another pass of laser etching.

Another method is to use ink or dye to infuse color into the engraved design. This is more common when a trademark is associated with a brand, such as in a logo or company name.

In this case, most industry experts recommend laser etching unless you need the wear resistance and durability of laser engraving.

Laser etching is cheaper, faster, and can produce semi-permanent and highly visible marks. It's also more versatile in terms of materials that can be used, since it only creates a mark of surface depth.

Laser engraving produces a more permanent mark that cannot be removed even with severe wear. This makes it ideal where permanent marking is required, such as in part serial numbers for traceability. However, it may not be suitable for mass manufacturing because it is slow and requires enormous power.

While both laser etching and laser engraving are excellent marking options, manufacturers are encouraged to consider laser etching first as it is more practical. When laser etching is not suitable for the job, laser engraving will be seen as a second option to consider.

Laser marking technology is rapidly gaining acceptance as a superior alternative to more traditional marking methods using mechanical force or colorants. They are fast, easy to automate, reliable, require minimal human intervention, and generate minimal waste.

Laser etching and laser engraving represent the two main methods of marking by laser technology. Although their results may look similar, each method takes a very different approach to making clear and permanent marks on the workpiece. As with any manufacturing method, getting the most out of laser marking requires understanding exactly how the technology works.