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Modern laptops are equipped with lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries. These batteries are combined with intelligent charging circuitry to ensure that they are not overcharged. Here's how it works:

Battery Management System (BMS): The system monitors the battery status and regulates the charging process.
Trickle charge: When the battery is fully charged, the system stops charging and switches to trickle charge, which only kicks in when the battery level drops slightly.
Best Practices for Laptop Battery Health
While modern laptops are well-equipped to handle charging efficiently, following a few best practices can help extend the life of your battery and ensure optimal performance.

Avoid temperature extremes:
Extreme heat or cold can affect battery health. Keep your laptop in a cool, dry place and avoid leaving it in a hot car or in direct sunlight.

Use the right charger:
Always use the charger that came with your laptop or a compatible replacement from the manufacturer. Using a third-party charger may damage the battery or even the laptop itself.

Unplug after a full charge:
While there's no need to worry about overcharging, it's still a good habit to unplug your laptop when it's fully charged. This helps keep the battery calibrated.

Keep your laptop updated:
Manufacturers often release firmware updates that include improvements to battery management. Make sure your laptop's firmware is up to date.

Perform regular battery calibration:
Calibrating the battery ensures that the battery sensor accurately reports charge levels. To calibrate, occasionally allow the battery to fully drain before charging to 100%.

Avoid deep discharges:
Try not to let the battery drop to 0% too often. It is best to recharge the battery when it reaches about 20-30%.